Calories in 8 Oz of Ground Beef Drained
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had and then much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the dearest film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to inquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the finish, Hamilton was on fix for three months, just many of her scenes were cutting for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Picture show Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the sixteen-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Managing director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (every bit whatsoever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Not bad Movie Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of bully film tricks, and some of the well-nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
Ane of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Sorcerer of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-course chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the fourth dimension, information technology was nevertheless Hollywood'southward preferred choice for fake snowfall. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'southward Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the cease, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than 1 for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human being'southward) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin can Man'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen'due south, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a condom prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the wait of burlap. After the moving picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's confront that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a flare-up of flames and scarlet fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may take instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor as well early on.
For the 2nd take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-caste burns on her easily and face. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost every bit scary every bit the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on man marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Well-nigh on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i'south surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the pic.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song fabricated the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cut room floor.
The Tin Human being Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns well-nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then stiff that he had to lean against a lath to residue properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same upshot with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage equally the Scarecrow, merely traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin Man, acquired him a world of problems. Namely, the character's silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Meet the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave The states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it await similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwards Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalism of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her performance. The pic went on to make roughly $8 one thousand thousand.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but information technology still didn't reflect the picture's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the bodily lion used in the studio's title menu — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming beast, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit made from existent lion skin. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The moving picture started shooting in October of 1938 merely didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's near $fifty meg adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the pic simply earned $3 meg at the box office — nigh $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era pic, retrieve that Disney fabricated $viii million with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'southward modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and pic rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Earlier "Me Also"
Judy Garland was just sixteen years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them slumber after studios shot them up with adrenaline and then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated moving picture Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hit. Not only did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the about successful movie of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM endemic the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Homo'south "If I Only Had a Centre," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art 1000 Romeo?"
The Carmine Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'south iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nearly 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'southward National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic gamble story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Yet, despite all these scenic locations, virtually all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to ship audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A 2nd Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is 1 of the most beloved dogs in movie history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can oft be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After i of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to find ane that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to prefer the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In add-on to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'due south costume to bear witness kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was as well a sad, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'due south grapheme.
The "Horse of a Dissimilar Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human being and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient particular…
Clot-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet care for. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald Metropolis to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in society to give life to this fantasy movie. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive earlier five:00 in the morning — half dozen days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is brimming-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the keen fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in motion picture history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion-picture show's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the pall" was voted #24, while "In that location's no identify like habitation" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oftentimes misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Soon later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch'south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make information technology wait more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was role fun and office trouble-solving for filmmakers. In guild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the gear up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white office of Dorothy's dress is really pinkish — simply considering it filmed better. And the oil the Can Man is so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West'south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a business firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the short-lived owner of the red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an befuddled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Motion-picture show's Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the motion picture clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nix by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterward cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (peak right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, after, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human being becomes a homo beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the prepare described Garland excitedly showing off a clothes to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'southward Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire flick was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical imitation pas?
It'southward widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the moving picture's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
Ane of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that little movie — information technology'southward called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thank you in office to re-releases.
The movie was first broadcast on boob tube on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is one of the ten nearly-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual tv set screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
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